А

1. but, and

   • Дул һеж биранда, а ил һел бара. — I will do this, and you do that.

From Russian а "but, and".

1. maternal grandmother

   • Дами дила абаба риччихид. — I love my grandmother.

Reduplication of аба "mother" (cf. аттаба "paternal grandmother").

« уба= авба, бавба, убаба, хола уба+ аттаба

1. consequential particle (well, then)  + so, in that case

   • Абал вәһил акку. — Well then, not bad.

Contraction of абиһолли, negative conditional of бирһора "to be".

« бирһора= абиһолли, абалле+ баал

1. to harass, to pester  + to bother, to damage

   • Чикнал ниссала тӏутӏи адартар. — The sparrows harass our grapes.

Negative of бартара "to let, to allow".

« бартара

1. inadvertently  + accidentally, unintentionally

   • абарһул барив — did inadvertently

Negative converb of барһара "to know".

« барһара= абаһул

1. uncultured  + boorish, rude

Negative preterite of руҡҡәра "to educate, to bring up".

« руҡҡәра

1. to come to dislike  + to get disenchanted, to get disappointed

   • Һел дами авикк виһәв. — I came to dislike him.

Negative stem of биккара "to want".

« биккара, бирһора

1. to feel awkward, to be embarrassed  + inconvenience, disillusionment

   • Абиккан агул бәәде, цӏил чер дерхой икӏул цағив. — Apparently he felt embarrassed, then he came asking for forgiveness.

Negative present participle of биккара "to want" (cf. биккан "wish").

« биккара, аргара+ биккан

1. nuisance, disappointment  + trouble, distress

   • Рирсила абиккандеҳ чи бичив кулпети. — The family faced trouble with their daughter.

« биккара

1. to take offense, to feel insulted  + to be offended, to get upset

   • Ду ацәун ҡҡелла циней абиккул аҡив — He took offense because I didn't come.

Negative converb of биккара "to want".

« биккара, иҡара

1. to be ailing, to be ill  + to be sick

   • Ислен тин арирһул це. — She's been ailing for a while.

Negative of бирьора "to be able".

« бирһора

1. to hate  + to dislike, to loathe

   • Дами адиччихид һелтти цикӏал. — I hate these things.

Negative of биччихара "to love".

« биччихара

1. wallpaper

   • Ниссал ижал абуйте чи дәҡивда. — Today we pasted wallpapers.

From Russian обои "wallpaper" (pl.), reanalyzed as singular.

1. faulty, malfunctioning  + non-working, broken

   • Сәәт абуццан биһәл це. — The clock has become faulty.

Negative present participle of буццара "to function, to work".

« буццара

1. howl (of a wolf)

   • Сса дучче бицӏе аву дикӏул де. — Last night the wolves howled.

+ һав

1. spacious, extensive

   • авадан дуне — expanse
   • авадан чархла ваһ — big man (about body)

2. luxurious, rich  + wealthy

   • Убала уцци авадан виһәв. — Uncle got rich.

From Persian آبادان (ābādān) "thriving, prosperous".

1. prepayment  + advance, imprest

From Russian аванс "advance payment".

1. August  + month

   • Авғусбаццей барил әһле де. — It would be good to do it before August.

From Russian август "August" and Kaitag бацц "month".

« бацц= авғустт

1. fool, stupid  + idiot, simpleton

From Arabic أبدال (abdāl) "God's saint".

+ авлиӏа

1. to bewilder  + to baffle, to perplex

   • Нишшала пишнал ду авдал варивда. — Your actions fooled me.

« авдал, бирара

1. stupidity  + folly, foolishness

   • ила авдалдеҳли — by your stupidity

« авдал

1. flour porridge; A Dagestani dish made of flour and flaxseed paste.

= хайгина+ пӏәлцӏикӏ

1. valley  + plain, field

   • Еҡӏе би авлаҡҡи буккун. — The herd grazes in the valley.

From Kumyk авлакъ "field, open land".

1. insane person  + madman, lunatic

From Arabic أولياء (awliyāʾ) "the beloved of God".

= авлийа+ авдал

1. troubles, worries  + concern, worry

   • Дами авра бейкку ила дирантала. — It doesn't bother me what you do.

From Kumyk авара "worry, concern", ultimately from Persian آواره (âvâre) "vagabond".

= авара

1. careless  + carefree, unconcerned

« авра, аккор

1. sister-in-law

From Kumyk апсун "sister-in-law".

+ уццуп

1. parallel  + simultaneous, concurrent

   • Авттле кадиццай. — Line up.

1. to catch up, to align

   • Автт биццул дуцӏ бижив. — They catched up and run.

« автт

1. to feud, to clash  + to conflict

   • Шшанте мурбе ҳал автт һабичив. — The villagers clashed over hayfields.

« автт, биркара

1. bus  + vehicle

   • Дәһне авттабузли цачив. — The bus brought the children.

From Russian автобус "bus".

1. assault rifle  + rifle, automatic weapon, gun

From Russian автомат "assault rifle".

1. expression of strong desire

1. idler  + loafer, slacker, layabout

From Kumyk азгъын "dissolute, feeble".

= азғин

1. pan  + skillet, kitchenware

   • Ағлабан ккарттушкка дерцӏа. — Fry potatoes in a pan.

= ағлав, йағлав

1. venom  + poison

   • ағу чев цӏецӏе — venomous snake

From Kumyk агъу or Azerbaijani ağı "poison".

1. cancer  + tumor

« ағу, иццала

1. etiquette  + manners, custom, decorum

From Arabic أَدَب (ʔadab) "manners, etiquette".

1. Adaga (village)  + village

= Адағай

1. ignorance

From the negative of барьара "to know".

« барһара= адаһре/адаһрел-/адаһрибе, адаһунде

1. inhospitable person  + unwelcoming, unfriendly

From the negative stem of биккара "to want" (cf. буснус "sleepy person").

« биккара+ абикк бирһора

1. doom, demise  + death, fate

   • И ажалли вәҡ! — May you die!
   • ажалла иццала — fatal disease

From Arabic أَجَل (ʔajal) "appointed time, death".

1. melody  + tune, song, music

   • Аже диҡӏул це. — A melody is heard.

1. probable, possible  + likely

   • Ижал марка ажижле це. — Possible rain today.

Hypothetical participle of аргара "to happen".

« аргара

1. spite  + malice, rancor, resentment

   • ажуғ чи кабуцил — harboring spite

From Azerbaijani acıq "spite".

1. aunt

= абизи, абазай, абайцци, аттазай, аттайцци

1. free, independent  + unimpeded

From Kumyk азат, ultimately from Persian آزاد (āzād) "free".

1. freedom

   • Азатдеҳ гон цикӏал бейкку. — There's nothing like freedom.

« азат

1. yard  + courtyard, enclosure, compound

   • Машин азбари цака. — Drive the car into the yard.

From Kumyk абзар "yard", possibly from Persian ابزار (abzâr) "tool, instrument".

= шеркка

1. thousand

   • Азирна биивда — ирғул акку. — I said it a thousand times — doesn't understand.
   • Азир бала дакӏ! — A thousand troubles on you!

From Persian هزار (hazâr) "thousand".

1. among countless others  + innumerable, thousands

   • Азиранцци һелгон вейкку. — There is no such one among countless others.

« азир+ суккенцци

1. centipede

« тӏә, азир= азиртӏә, даршал тӏимәр, азир тӏәлла миләҡҡ

1. incomprehensible, unclear  + opaque, obscure

   • Дами аирғиж ғай. — A language incomprehensible to me.

Negative hypothetical participle of ирғара "to understand".

« ирғара

1. stallion  + stud, steed, horse

   • Айғури мәртта вижил вегур. — Mounted the stallion and rode away.

From Kumyk айгъыр "stallion".

= айғур-йәбу

1. dragon  + serpent, monster, behemoth

   • айдаһала ҡҡушни — very far (lit. "at dragon's hut")
   • айдаһа аттаба — witch

From Persian اژدها (aždahā) "dragon".

= аждаһа

1. dancing circle  + round dance, circle dance

   • Айландили базил кабиһәв. — They started dancing on the circle.

From Kumyk айландыр "rotation".

= ҡҡайландир

1. legend  + tale, myth, folklore

From Kumyk айтыв "saying, proverb".

1. adhan  + call

   • акбер катӏара — to read adhah

From Arabic أَكْبَر (ʔakbar) "greatest".

= акбар

1. trench  + entrenchment, foxhole

   • акупӏ һабирҡҡора — to dig a trench

From Russian окоп "trench".

= акуп

1. parting, farewell  + bye

1. to part, to say goodbye  + to leave, to separate

   • Миҡҡла һереғ укка акка аҡил бегур. — After the wedding, people said goodbye and left.

« акка, иҡара= ~ биҡара/беҡара/беҡив

1. absence  + lack

   • Ҡил диг аккне дул абаһурда. — I didn't know there was no meat at home.
   • Ду зәипле аккне царацци мабурса. — Don't tell others that I'm not sick.

Masdar from the historic verb *аккора (cf. акку "not").

= аккре+ акку, биһне, аккре

1. otherwise  + or, else

   • Һежин аккол, һелин аргар у? — If it doesn't work here, will it there?

« аккор

1. without, non-  + missing, lacking, -less; Used to form adjectives expressing absence of a quality.

   • Арц аккол мавә. — Don't go without money.
   • ирхе аккор — fearless
   • барҳ аккор — wrong

2. absent  + absent

   • Аккортай ра бурса. — Tell to the absent ones too.

Habitual present of the historic verb *аккора (cf. акку "not").

1. not being  + absent, lacking, missing

   • Ду ҡил аккор ҡҡел мацә. — Don't come when I'm not home.
   • Марка аккорцци кицце. — Stand where there's no rain.

1. to exterminate, to destroy  + to kill, to eliminate

   • Дарманла дарил сукке ппиғне аккор дарив. — Treated them with drug and destroyed all the beetles.

« аккор, бирһора

1. to go extinct  + to die out, to disappear, to vanish

   • Дуццан бицӏе аккор диһәв. — Wolves went extinct in the forest.

« аккор, бирһора

1. nonsense, non-existent  + fiction, lies, falsehood

   • Аккунде мадурса! — Don't talk nonsense!

= аккор цикӏал, аккорил

1. not, is not

   • Һел тухтур акку. — He's not a doctor.
   • Ил барһул аккотте у? — Don't you know?
   • Ду ҡил аччу сса. — I was not home yesterday.

Habitual present of the historic verb *аккора. The past tense's form developed from аккви → аччви → аччу.

= аккура+ аккор

1. except  + only, but

   • Уцци аккун чил-ра кумек абарив. — No one helped except for brother.
   • Ца ҡӏвәл аккун бейкку. — There's but a single cow.

= аккол, аккон+ аккол

1. vineyard  + garden, grape

   • Аҡацци дәнне да дулшана. — We're going to work in the vineyard.

1. entry, opening  + entrace, passage

   • Ҡӏвәл биж берһил дәғинцци аҡар барив. — The cow ran and made an opening in the fence.

« иҡара= аҡре

1. hearth  + fireplace, fire

   • Аҡҡе цӏа һабиҡӏун це. — A fire is lit in the hearth.

= әҡҡи+ цӏиппа

1. around  + about, round

   • Дәһне ҡалла алав дуцӏ бикӏул биде. — The children were running around the house.

1. to evade, to dodge  + hedge, prevaricate

   • Һәрһәни тта алав вичив. — He dodged a bullet.

« алав, биркара

1. to envelop, to wrap  + enclose, wrap

   • Лузум алав һабара. — Wrap the dough.

« алав, бирара

1. to cooperate, to contribute  + unite, work together

   • Рирсбе алав һабижил азбар унзу барив. — The girls worked together and cleaned the yard.

« алав, биргара

1. to surround  + encircle

   • Уба цинна дәһнал алав һаруцил разил риххул це. — Children surround their mother and keep her happy.

« алав, бурцара

1. to enclose  + fence, encircle, surround

   • Дәғә кабәҡил ҡу алав цабарабай. — Давайте поставим забор и огородим сад.

2. to hug (gently)  + embrace, hold

   • Аттал цинна дәһне алав цабарив. — The father gently hugged his children.

« алав, бирара

1. to gather  + meet, congregate

   • Һари, һежин алав цадигай. — Hey, gather here.

« алав, биргара

1. to navigate, to steer  + influence

   • Ихтилат циней баживцци алав цачив. — Navigated the conversation to where he needed.

« алав, бикара

1. no way, under no circumstances

   • Ца алавлера мацәв! — No way, he may not come!

« алав, ра

1. all around  + about, round

   • Барккара вирһул аккоде, ил ра алавчер ул бета. — I can't find it, look all around too.

« алав

1. wage, payment  + price

   • Усттал цинна әчулла алапа һассив. — The master took the wage for his work.

1. cherry plum  + plum; no plural form

2. cherry plum tree

From Persian آلوچه (âluče) "damson, plum".

= алуча

1. dwarf  + short, runt

From Kumyk алаша "short".

1. devil  + satan, demon, evil spirit

   • албатти гон ҳулум — woman like a hurricane

= албастти

1. Bukhara (city)

1. heaven  + paradise

   • Алжанали реғав цере. — May she go to heaven.

From Arabic الجَنَّة (al-janna) "heaven".

1. alphabet  + abc, letter

From the first letter of the Arabic alphabet أَلِف (ʔalif).

1. Allah, god

   • Аллаһли цере рат. — God keep her.

From Arabic اللّٰه (allāh).

1. for God's sake

   • Аллаһичче ватаба ду! — For God's sake leave me alone!

« аллаһ, биккара= Аллаһ виччен, Аллаһ ичченне

1. glass cutter

From Persian الماس (almās) "diamond".

1. to stick  + prick, pierce

   • Тӏуппуцци чаххул атӏун. — A thorn stuck into finger.

1. custody  + guardianship, care

   • Шамилли цинна урши аманат варил Әруссай веччив. — Shamil gave his son as collateral to the Russians.

From Arabic أَمَانَة (ʔamāna) "trust, reliability".

1. but  + though, and

   • Чи важивда, амма ғай куҡана аагур. — Saw him, but couldn't discuss.
   • Амма и ра әһ мейдам аккотте. — But you are not a good person either.

From Arabic أَمَّا (ʔammā) "as for".

1. stroll  + walk, outing

   • Даҳай амма. — Come for a stroll.

1. but, yet  + however, still

   • Ил дами һелгон вәһице биивде, аммаки дул етти чер адаривда. — You told me such bad things, but I didn’t give it back to you.

« амма

1. to stutter  + stammer

   • Амӏам икӏон це һеж мейдам. — This man stutters.

« биргара

1. stutterer

1. fig; no plural form

2. fig tree

From Persian انجیر (anjir) "fig".

1. to doze off  + to sleep, to nap

   • Ҳуней чиһе, анкӏ макирга. — Watch the road, don't doze off.

Shares the root with анкӏала "sleep".

« биргара, баҳара= чи буссана+ анкӏала

1. sleep  + nap

   • анкӏала барив — got some sleep
   • анкӏлецци тарх цаҳул — startling in his sleep

+ анкӏ кабиргара, иццала

1. kite  + raptor, eagle

1. pain  + ache, hurt

   • Анни агур у? — Did it hurt?

1. forgetful, absent-minded person

   • антаҡҡ виһора — to become forgetful

= антуҡӏ

1. forgetfulness  + dementia, oblivion

= антаҡҡ

1. forehead  + face

1. reproach (over past failures)  + mockery, tease

   • Цинна уршила чевтта анццуҡҡ бирххур һелей. — Reproached him about his son.

1. heifer  + cow, cattle

1. giggling, frivolity

1. norm, order  + system, measure

   • Һар цикӏалла цинна апатӏ бирһор. — Everything has its measure.

1. unrestrained, messy

« апатӏ, аккор

1. surgery

From Russian операция "surgery operation".

= апираццийа

1. fall

   • аппу ричив — she fell

1. halva  + sweet, confection

= авриш, арша

1. women's part of the wedding; A woman didn't celebrate her wedding; on Saturday her family prepared halva and sweets and invited their relatives, and on Sunday the groom's side took her.

« арбиш

1. to happen  + to occur, to take place

   • Церра аарганне етти. — Nothing will happen to you.

2. to work out  + to succeed, to manage

   • Агур у ила? — Did you manage it?

3. to become

   • Иригле ду дирихтур агурда. — Last year I became director.

1. authority  + power, influence

   • Һәхела аринцци це һел мейдам. — This man is in his power.

1. shaft  + handle, knob, helve

   • Арже буцил беретта берһив. — He grabbed the handle and struck with the axe.

2. long tail

   • йәбула арже — horse tail

1. to cause  + to bring about, to inflict

   • Ил һелей вәһидеҳ ажихурде. — You caused him harm.

« аргара

1. rent  + lease

   • ариндли һассара — to rent

From Russian аренда "rent".

1. epidemic  + outbreak, plague

   • Аринжли баҡил укка бевчӏихив. — The epidemic killed many people.

1. unfertilized, infertile

   • Идус аркӏал калгун һеж ҡӏвәл. — This year this cow was without offspring.

1. frivolous woman  + stupid, fool

1. crevice, gorge

   • Хвәр верттил архни кагур. — Slipped and fell into a crevice.

1. saw

   • Арһинццил хор чӏубаг барив. — Halved the log with a saw.

= арһни/арһнил-/арһнибе

1. money  + currency, cash

   • Тукенчий чӏаҡӏонла арц деччивда. — I paid the seller for the bread.
   • Арцла ҡӏимат бейкку. — Money has no cost. (about inflation)

2. silver

   • арцла белесса — silver bracelet

1. arch

= арславул, арсавккаг

1. lion

= арслан, арслан-ҡҡаплан

1. earnings  + income, gain, profit

   • арцре дирара — to earn

« арц

1. weeder

« ирцӏара= арцӏиҡӏән+ уттәӏә

1. weeding

   • арцӏе вәнара — to go weeding

2. overgrown field

   • Даҡил арцӏне чи дичил це дами идус. — Lots of overgrown fields this year for me.

« ирцӏара+ арше

1. weed

« арцӏе, ҡӏар

1. reaper

« ирҳара= аршиҡӏән+ уттәӏә

1. reaping

2. ripe field

« ирҳара+ арцӏе

1. impression, effect  + impact

   • Һелела ғайли дами хула асар барив. — His words made a great impression on me.

From Persian اثر (asar), from Arabic أَثَر (ʔaṯar) "trace, impression".

1. noble, dignified  + aristocratic, worthy

   • Һәх цилла асилил йе? — How is he better?

1. status, rank  + privilege

« асил

1. disabled, cripple  + miserable, pitiful

   • Дәвцци вәрун асҡҡаҡҡ агул цағив. — He went to war and returned disabled.

1. mutilation, disability

1. origin, genesis  + base, source

From Arabic أَصْل (ʔaṣl) "origin; source".

1. expressing shock or disapproval (my God!, good grief!)

From Arabic أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللهَ (ʔastaḡfiru llāha) "I ask God for forgiveness".

= асттаһпирулла

1. canteen  + cafeteria, dining hall

From Russian столовая "canteen".

1. father  + dad, papa

= датте

1. paternal grandmother

« уба, атта= атта уба, аттуба+ абаба

1. cricket

1. interrogative particle (really?, is it true?)

   • Ила бизи би у атте? — You really have a cat?

2. emphatic particle (come on, already, now)

   • Бурса атте. — Come on, tell me.

= атти

1. pause, break  + rest

   • Вә, аттих бара. — Go, have a break.

From Russian отдых "rest".

1. atlas (fabric)  + silk, satin

From Arabic أَطْلَس (ʔaṭlas) "satin".

1. to expectorate, to cough up

+ ахтукӏал

1. end  + finish, conclusion

   • хабарла ахир — the story's end

From Arabic آخِر (ʔāḵir) "last".

= әхир

1. afterlife  + hereafter

From Arabic آخِرَة (ʔāḵira) "hereafter".

1. at last, finally  + eventually

   • Ахирра цағивде на ера. — Finally you've arrived, at least now.

« ахир

1. in the end, after all

   • Ахирравара цинна муради веғив. — In the end he achieved his goal.

« ахир

1. visit; usually for a business

   • ахлатт вәнара — to pay a visit

« аххал

1. decorum at a visit

   • Әһ ҳунесала цаҡҡил ахлаттдеҳ дарив. — They brought a nice gift and showed respect.

« ахлатт

1. idiot  + fool, moron

   • Маһ һештти ахмахе. — Well, what idiots.

From Arabic أَحْمَق (ʔaḥmaq) "stupid".

1. watchman  + guard, security

From Russian охрана "security".

1. first furrow festival  + festival

Perhaps from аҡ "vineyard" and ирцӏара "to weed".

+ аҡ, ирцӏара

1. to nap  + to sleep, to doze, to snooze

   • Нишшай һереғ кижил ахрей вичивда. — I napped waiting for you.

ахрей does not occur independently.

« биркара+ анкӏ кабиргара

1. indigo  + blue

1. check  + inspection, examination

   • Ушттилли дарс ахтар барив. — The teacher checked the lesson.

From Kumyk ахтармакъ "to search".

= ахтарди/ахтардибе

1. October  + month

   • Идус ахтәбирбацц гунал цабағив. — This year October came warm.

From Russian октябрь "October".

« бацц= ухтәбир

1. poplar

   • цӏәв ахтирекк — silver poplar (white poplar)
   • шан ахтирекк — black poplar (cottonwood)

From Kumyk акътерек "aspen".

1. to stop caring, to abandon, to reject

   • Әсси виһәл әчули ахту дарил вегур. — He got angry, gave up on work, and left.

« ту, бирара= ~ чи кабурҡара+ ахтукӏал

1. sputum, phlegm; usually plural

   • Ахтукӏле ах дарил ту дара. — Cough up and spit out the phlegm.

« ту= тутукӏле

1. person, fellow; Also a form of address, known or not. An adult but not elderly, by default a middle-aged man; narrowed by a following word, e.g. урши "guy".

   • Һет аххалли беччив. — That man gave it.
   • Һей, аххал рирси! — Hey, young lady!

2. guest  + visitor

   • Ахле чӏулцци цабиғанте це. — Guests are expected to arrive at two.

3. kunak (sworn guest-friend)

   • Һет шшилцци ниссала әһ ахле би. — We have good kunaks in that village.

1. to fraternize  + to befriend

« аххал

1. hospitality  + welcome

   • Һелттал цәәһ аххалдеҳ дирар. — They are very hospitable.

« аххал

1. bird

   • Әрҡӏо ра ҡҡвәна ра аҳлиӏне це. — И курица, и ворона — птицы.

= аҳлиҡӏә+ һиҳора

1. ugh, oof (of difficulty or hardship)

   • Аһ, һеж марка! — Ugh, this rain!

1. to be unwell, to moan  + to be sick

« аһ, бикӏора

1. dismay or astonishment (oh my, good grief, dammit)

   • Аһ һаһай, һежин ди пинцӏа! — Good grief, all this trash!

« аһ

1. yeah  + yep, uh-huh, mhm

= уһу+ е

1. unending  + endless, infinite

   • аһабурхан әчу — unending work

« һабурхара= акабурхан

1. weeping  + crying, sobbing, lamentation

   • Аһи рикӏул ри. — She is weeping.

= дисса-ҡвәсса

1. community, cohort  + people, group, generation

   • Алжаналла аһлу агав. — May she belong to the people of paradise.

From Arabic أَهْل (ʔahl) "family; people".

1. respected elder man  + elder

+ уцци

1. open

   • Уцца ач дара! — Open the door!
   • Жуже ач биһәв. — The flower blooms.

From Kumyk ачмакъ "to open".

= әч

1. free from vegetation  + clearing

   • Һехин ачуҡле це, һехин майда би. — There are no trees down there, there is a clearing down there.

Possible from Kumyk ачыкъ "open, clear".

+ әчиҡ

1. report  + account

   • Аччутӏе һәдур дарара әнел це. — We need to prepare reports.

From Russian отчёт "report".

1. wheat  + grain; no plural form

   • Һештти ачӏе декӏо. — Grind this wheat.

2. wheat field

   • шшантала ачӏне — wheat fields of villagers

= ~/ачӏен-/~

1. sedge

« ачӏе, ҡӏар

1. explicit, clear

   • Сар ил диӏунте һана ашккар диһәв. — What you stole earlier has now become clear.

From Persian آشكار (âškâr) "obvious".

= ашкӏар

1. to reveal, to uncover  + detect, identify

   • Милицӏал вәһибарҡӏ ашккар цабарив. — The police uncovered the crime.

« ашккар, бирара

1. shawl  + hijab

   • Гунев ҳумрал цӏәв ашмаге диҡҡи. — Women used to wear white shawls.

1. presentative particle (here, that's it, this is why)

   • Һел ҡҡелла ашна. — And that's why.

1. buddy  + friend

« ашна

1. golden coin  + money

From Arabic أَشْرَفِيّ (ʔašrafiyy) "ashrafi" (historical gold coin).

1. insurance  + guarantee

From Russian страховой "insurance" (relational adjective).

1. palate

   • аӏ ғвәчӏ һабарара — to press on the palate (to relieve swelling)

= әӏ

1. to gawp, to stare  + watch, see

   • Урши аӏ кәҡил велле, бицӏал мәрцца дуҡҡив. — While the boy was gawping, the wolves carried off the sheep.

« аӏ, бурҡара

1. no

   • Аӏа, ҡил аккоде. — No, I'm not home.

1. person with Down syndrome

2. bungler

« аӏ, бурҡара

1. uvula

« аӏ