А

1. but, and

   • Дул һеж биранда, а ил һел бара. — I will do this, and you do that.

From Russian а "but, and".

1. maternal grandmother

   • Дами дила абаба риччихид. — I love my grandmother.

Reduplication of аба "mother" (cf. аттаба "paternal grandmother").

~ авба, бавба « уба + аттаба

1. epoch  + era

   • абадла абад — since a long time ago (lit. "epoch's epoch")

From Arabic أَبَد (ʔabad) "eternity".

1. well then  + so, in that case

   • Абал, вәһил акку. — Well then, not bad.

Contracted from абиьолли, the negative conditional of бирьора "to be".

~ абиһолли, абалле « бирһора + баал

1. to harass  + to bother, to pester

   • Чикнал ниссала тӏутӏи адартар. — The sparrows harass our grapes.

The negative of бартара "to let, allow".

« бартара

1. inadvertently  + accidentally, unintentionally

   • абарһул барив — did inadvertently

The negative progressive of барьара "to know".

« барһара

1. uncultured  + boorish, rude

The negative preterite of руҡҡяра "to educate, to bring up".

« руҡҡәра

1. to come to dislike

   • Ьел дами авикк виһәв.

« биккара, бирһора

1. disappointment  + letdown, disillusionment

   • абиккан агур — got disappointed
   • Ил һелей абиккан баривде. — You disappointed him.

Negative present participle of биккара "to want" (cf. биккан "wish").

« биккара + биккан

1. trouble  + misfortune, distress

« абиккан

1. to take offense  + to be offended, to feel insulted, to get upset

   • Ду ацәун ҡҡелла аттай абиккул аҡив — Father took offense because I didn't come.

« биккара, иҡара

1. to be ailing  + to be sick, to be ill, to ail

   • Ислен тин арирһул це. — She's been ailing for a while.

The negative of бирьора "to be able".

« бирһора

1. to hate  + to dislike, to loathe

   • Дами адиччихид һелтти цикӏал. — I hate these things.

The negative of биччихара "to love".

« биччихара

1. wallpaper

   • Ниссал ижал абуйте чи дәҡивда. — Today we pasted wallpapers.

From Russian обои "wallpaper" (pl.), reanalyzed as singular.

1. prey

From Kumyk гьав or Azerbaijani ov "hunt".

1. fruitful

2. rich  + wealthy

   • Убала уцци авадан виһәв. — Uncle got rich.

From Persian آبادان (ābādān) "thriving, prosperous".

1. prepayment  + advance, imprest

From Russian аванс "advance payment".

1. troubles, worries  + concern, worry

   • Дами авара бейкку ила дирантала. — It doesn't bother me what you do.

From Kumyk авара "worry, concern", ultimately from Persian آواره (âvâre) "vagabond".

~ авра

1. careless  + carefree, unconcerned

« авара, аккор

1. August  + month

From Russian август "August".

« бацц

1. fool, stupid  + idiot, simpleton

From Arabic أبدال (abdāl) "God's saint".

+ авлиӏа

1. to dupe  + fool, trick, deceive

   • Нишшала пишнал ду авдал варивда. — Your actions fooled me.

« авдал, бирара

1. stupidity  + folly, foolishness

   • ила авдалдеҳли — by your stupidity

« авдал

1. flour porridge; A Dagestani dish made of flour and flaxseed paste.

~ хайгина + пӏәлцӏикӏ

1. valley  + plain, field

From Kumyk авлакъ "field, open land".

1. insane person  + madman, lunatic

From Arabic أولياء (awliyāʾ) "the beloved of God".

~ авлийа + авдал

1. sister-in-law

From Kumyk апсун "sister-in-law".

+ уццуп

1. parallel  + simultaneous, concurrent

1. to line up, to align

   • автт биццул дуцӏ бижив — they lined up and run

« автт

1. to quarrel  + to feud, to conflict

« автт, биркара

1. bus  + vehicle

From Russian автобус "bus".

1. assault rifle  + rifle, automatic weapon, gun

From Russian автомат "assault rifle".

1. idler  + loafer, slacker, layabout

From Kumyk азгъын "dissolute, feeble".

~ азғин

1. pan  + skillet, kitchenware

   • Ағлабан ккарттушкка дерцӏа. — Fry potatoes in a pan.

~ ағлав, йағлав

1. venom  + poison

From Kumyk агъу or Azerbaijani ağı "poison".

1. cancer  + tumor

« ағу, иццала

1. etiquette  + manners, custom, decorum

From Arabic أَدَب (ʔadab) "manners, etiquette".

1. v. Adaga  + village

1. ignorance

From the negative of барьара "to know".

« барһара

1. inhospitable person  + unwelcoming person, unfriendly host

From the negative of биккара "to want" (cf. буснус "sleepy person").

« биккара + буснус

1. doom  + death, fate, demise

   • И ажалли вәҡ! — May you die!

From Arabic أَجَل (ʔajal) "appointed time, death".

1. melody  + tune, song, music

   • Аже диҡӏул да — I'm hearing a melody.

1. probable  + likely, possible

   • Ижал марка ажижле це. — Possible rain today.

Hypothetical participle of аргара "to happen".

« аргара

1. spite  + malice, rancor, resentment

   • ажуғ чи кабуцил — harboring spite

From Azerbaijani acıq "spite".

1. aunt

~ абизи, абазай, абайцци, аттазай, аттайцци

1. free  + independent, unimpeded

From Kumyk азат, ultimately from Persian آزاد (āzād) "free".

1. yard  + courtyard, enclosure, compound

From Kumyk абзар "yard", possibly from Persian ابزار (abzâr) "tool, instrument".

~ шеркка

1. thousand

From Persian هزار (hazâr) "thousand".

1. in great numbers  + countless, innumerable, by the thousands

   • азиранцци вейкку — no [such one] among innumerable [others]

« азир + суккенцци

1. centipede

~ азиртӏә, даршал тӏимәр « тӏә, азир

1. obscure  + incomprehensible, opaque

Negative hypothetical participle of ирғара "to understand".

« ирғара

1. stallion  + stud, steed, horse

From Kumyk айгъыр "stallion".

1. dragon  + serpent, monster, behemoth

   • айдаһала ҡҡушни — very far (lit. "at dragon's hut")
   • айдаһа аттаба — witch

From Persian اژدها (aždahā) "dragon".

~ аждаһа

1. dancing circle  + round dance, circle dance

From Kumyk айландыр "rotation".

~ ҡҡайландир

1. legend  + tale, myth, folklore

From Kumyk айтыв "saying, proverb".

1. unending  + endless, infinite

   • акабурхан әчу — unending work

« кабурхара

1. adhan  + call

   • акбер белчӏун — read adhah

From Arabic أَكْبَر (ʔakbar) "greatest".

~ акбар

1. trench  + entrenchment, foxhole

From Russian окоп "trench".

1. to part  + part ways, leave, separate

   • Миҡҡла һереғ укка акка аҡив. — People parted after the wedding.

акка does not occur independently and its meaning is unclear.

« иҡара

1. absence  + lack

   • Атта ҡил аккне дул абаһурда. — I did not know father is not home.

Masdar from the historic verb *аккора (cf. акку "not").

+ акку, биһне, аккре

1. otherwise  + or, else

   • Ьежин аккол, һелин аргар у? — If it doesn't work here, will it there?

« аккор

1. without, non-  + missing, lacking, -less; Used to form adjectives expressing absence of a quality.

   • Арц аккол мавәтте. — Don't go without money.
   • ирхе аккор — fearless
   • барҳ аккор — wrong

2. absent  + absent

   • Аккортай ра бурса. — Tell to the absent ones too.

Habitual present of the historic verb *аккора (cf. акку "not").

+ йәһ аккор, буцӏар, акку

1. not being  + absent, lacking, missing

   • Ду ҡил аккор ҡҡел мацәтте. — Don't come when I'm not home.
   • Марка аккорцци кицце. — Stand where there's no rain.

1. to go extinct  + die out, disappear, vanish

   • Дуццан бицӏе аккор диһәв. — Wolves went extinct in the forest.

« аккор, бирһора

1. nonsense  + fiction, lies, falsehood

+ аҡре

1. not

   • Ьел тухтур акку. — He's not a doctor.
   • Дул барһул аккоде. — I do not know

Habitual present of the historic verb *аккора. The past tense's form developed from аккви → аччви → аччу.

~ аккура + аккор

1. except  + only, but

   • Уцци аккун чил ра кумек абарив. — No one helped except for brother.
   • Ца ҡӏвәл аккун бейкку. — There's but a single cow.

~ аккол, аккон + аккол

1. vineyard  + garden, grape

1. challenge  + problem, contest

   • Аҡанайте аҡара чи бичив. — Had to experience a lot.

1. entrance  + entry, passage, doorway

« иҡара + бетӏре

1. hearth  + fireplace, fire

~ әҡҡи + цӏиппа

1. around  + about, round

1. to evade, to dodge  + hedge, prevaricate

   • Ьәрһәнцци тта алав вичив. — He dodged a bullet.

« алав, бикара

1. to envelop, to wrap  + enclose, wrap

   • Лузум алав һабара. — Wrap the dough.

« алав, бирара

1. to cooperate, to contribute  + unite, work together

   • Рирсбе алав һабижил азбар унзу барив. — The girls worked together and cleaned the yard.

« алав, биргара

1. to surround  + encircle

   • Уба цинна дәһнал алав һаруцил разил риххул це. — The mother is kept happy surrounded by her children.

« алав, бурцара

1. to enclose  + fence, encircle, surround

   • Дәғә кабәҡил ҡу алав цабарив. — Забили забор и огородили огород.

« алав, бирара

1. to gather  + meet, congregate

   • Ьари, һежин алав цадигай. — Hey, gather here.

« алав, биргара

1. to navigate  + steer, influence

   • Ихтилат циней баживцци алав цачив. — Navigated the conversation to where he needed.

« алав, бикара

1. no way, under no circumstances  + about, round

   • Алавлера мавәв! — No way, may he not go!

« алав

1. all round  + about, round

« алав

1. wage

   • Барив әчулла алапа һассив — I will do this, and you do that.

1. dwarf  + short, runt

From Kumyk алаша "short".

1. devil  + satan, demon, evil spirit

1. Bukhara

1. heaven  + paradise

From Arabic جَنَّة (janna) "heaven".

1. alphabet  + abc, letter

From the first letter of the Arabic alphabet أَلِف (ʔalif).

1. Allah  + God

   • Аллаһли цере рат. — God keep her.

From Arabic اللّٰه (allāh).

1. glass cutter

From Persian الماس (almās) "diamond", though the semantic shift to "glass cutter" is unclear.

1. to stick  + prick, pierce

   • Тӏуппуцци чаххул атӏун. — A thorn stuck into finger.

1. cherry plum  + plum

From Persian آلوچه (âluče) "damson, plum".

1. custody  + guardianship, care

From Arabic أَمَانَة (ʔamāna) "trust, reliability".

1. but  + though, and

   • И һелин вәрунде, амма ҡкуллуҡҡ таман абаривде. — You went there, but you didn't finish the job.

From Arabic أَمَّا (ʔammā) "as for".

1. stroll  + walk, outing

   • Даҳай амма. — Come for a stroll.

1. but, yet  + however

   • Ил дами һелгон вәһице биивде, аммаки дул етти чер адаривда. — You told me such bad things, but I didn’t give it back to you.

« амма

1. woodlouse  + bug, pill bug

1. stutter  + stammer

   • амӏам һижив — he stuttered

Probably onomatopoeia.

1. stutterer

« амӏам

1. fig

From Persian انجیر (anjir) "fig".

1. to doze  + to sleep, to nap

The first element shares a root with анкьала "sleep".

~ чибуссана « кабиргара + анкӏала

1. sleep  + nap

   • анкӏала барив — got some sleep

+ анкӏ кабиргара, иццала

1. kite  + raptor

1. pain  + ache, hurt

   • Анни агур у етти? — Did it hurt?

1. squeak  + peep, beep

   • Ант аҡара ра аватур. — Didn't let him even make a sound.

~ мимпп

1. oblivion  + forgetfulness

   • антуҡӏ виһәв — forgot

~ антаҡӏ

1. forehead  + face

1. taunt  + mockery, tease

1. heifer  + cow, cattle

1. giggling, frivolity

1. surgery

From Russian операция "surgery operation".

1. fall

   • аппу ричив — she fell

1. halva  + sweet, confection

~ авриш, арша

1. to happen  + to occur, to take place

   • Церра аарганне етти. — Nothing will happen to you.

2. to work out  + to succeed, to manage

   • Агур у ила? — Did you manage it?

3. to become

   • Иригле ду дирихтур агурда. — Last year I became director.

1. season  + time

   • ца арғла — contemporary
   • дуссела арғре — seasons (of year)

1. authority  + power, influence

   • Ьехела аринцци це һел мейдам. — This man is in his power.

1. shaft  + handle, knob, helve

2. long tail

   • йәбула арже — horse tail

1. to cause  + to bring about, to inflict

   • Ил һелей ваһәдеҳ ажихурде. — You caused him harm.

« аргара

1. rent  + lease

From Russian аренда "rent".

~ ижара

1. epidemic  + outbreak, plague

1. axis  + axle, shaft

1. barren  + sterile, infertile

1. frivolous woman

1. track  + furrow, ditch

1. saw

1. money  + currency, cash

2. silver

1. arch

~ арслав, арсавккаг

1. lion

~ арслан, арслан-ҡҡаплан

1. earnings  + income, gain, profit

   • арцре дирара — to earn

« арц

1. weeder

~ арцӏиҡӏән « ирцӏара + уттәӏә

1. weed

« ирцӏара + арше

1. reaper

~ аршиҡӏән « ирҳара + уттәӏә

1. reaping, crop  + field

« ирҳара + арцӏе

1. status  + rank, privilege

1. impression  + impact, effect

From Persian اثر (asar), from Arabic أَثَر (ʔaṯar) "trace, impression".

1. noble  + aristocratic, dignified

« ас

1. disabled, cripple  + miserable, pitiful

1. mutilation, disability

1. framework, hull  + body, shell, skeleton

1. canteen  + cafeteria, dining hall

From Russian столовая "canteen".

1. exclamation of shock or disapproval (my God!, good grief!)

From Arabic أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللهَ (ʔastaḡfiru llāha) "I ask God for forgiveness".

1. father  + dad, papa

~ датте

1. paternal grandmother

~ аттуба « уба, атта + абаба

1. cricket

~ ҡҡаттәӏбаш

1. interrogative particle (really?, is it true?)

   • Ила бизи би у атте? — You really have a cat?

2. emphatic particle (come on, already, now)

   • Бурса атте. — Tell it, come on.

~ атти

1. pause, break  + rest

   • Вә, аттих бара. — Go, have a break.

From Russian отдых "rest".

1. atlas silk  + silk

From Arabic أَطْلَس (ʔaṭlas) "satin".

1. expectorate

+ ахтукӏал

1. end  + finish, conclusion

From Arabic آخِر (ʔāḵir) "last".

~ әхир

1. afterlife  + hereafter

From Arabic آخِرَة (ʔāḵira) "hereafter".

1. at last  + eventually

« ахир

1. visit; usually for a business

« аххал

1. idiot  + fool, moron

From Arabic أَحْمَق (ʔaḥmaq) "stupid".

1. security guard  + guard, watchman

From Russian охрана "security".

1. first furrow festival  + festival

May be related to аҡ "vineyard" < "garden" and ирцьара "to weed".

+ аҡ, ирцӏара

1. to nap  + to doze, to snooze

   • Нишшай һереғ кижил ахрей вичивда. — I napped waiting for you.

ахрей does not occur independently.

« биркара + анкӏ кабиргара

1. indigo  + blue

~ синкка

1. check  + inspection, examination

   • Ушттилли дарс ахтар барив. — The teacher checked the lesson.

From Kumyk ахтармакъ "to search".

~ ахтарди

1. October  + month

From Russian октябрь "October".

1. poplar

Also шан ахтирекк, цӏяв ахтирекк for specific poplar species.

From Kumyk акътерек "aspen".

1. to spit

« ту + ахтукӏал

1. phlegm  + sputum; usually plural

   • Ахтукӏле ту дара. — Spit out the phlegm.

~ тутукӏле

1. guest  + visitor

2. kunak

   • Ьет шшилцци ниссала әһ ахле би. — We have good kunaks in that village.

1. to fraternize  + to befriend

« аххал, аргара

1. hospitality  + welcome

   • Ьелттал аххалдеҳ барһар. — They know hospitality.

« аххал

1. bird

~ аҳлиҡӏә + һиҳора, бежлиӏә

1. oh

   • Аһ, һеж марка! — Oh, this rain!

1. to be unwell  + to be sick

« аһ, бикӏора

1. dammit  + what the hell, wtf, geez

   • Аһ һаһай, һежин ди пинцӏа! — Dammit, all this trash!

« аһ

1. yeah  + yep, uh-huh, mhm

~ уһу

1. weeping  + crying, sobbing, lamentation

   • Аһи рикӏул ри. — She is weeping.

~ дисса-ҡвәсса

1. community, cohort  + people, group, generation

   • Алжаналла аһлунцци реғав. — May she belong to the people of paradise.

From Arabic أَهْل (ʔahl) "people".

1. respected elder man  + elder

+ уцци

1. open

   • Уцца ач дара! — Open the door!
   • Жуже ач биһәв. — The flower blooms.

From Kumyk ачмакъ "to open".

~ әч

1. report  + account

From Russian отчёт "report".

1. wheat  + grain

1. sedge

« ачӏе, ҡӏар

1. caraway  + cumin

1. explicit  + clear

From Persian آشكار (âškâr) "obvious".

1. to reveal  + detect, identify

« ашккар, бирара

1. shawl  + hijab

1. affirmative particle (right?, isn't it?)

1. buddy  + friend

« ашна

1. golden coin  + money

From Arabic أَشْرَفِيّ (ʔašrafiyy) "ashrafi" (historical gold coin).

1. insurance  + guarantee

From Russian страховой "insurance" (relational adjective).

1. palate

~ әӏ, аӏгула, кӏавгула

1. to gawp  + stare, watch, see

« аӏ, кабурҡара

1. no  + nope

   • И ҡил де у? Аӏа, аккоде. — Are you home? No, I'm not.

~ уӏу

1. bungler, inept

   • Аӏбәҡли дәӏ ттуғ дарил велле бицӏал мәрцца дуҡҡив. — While the bungler was staring, the wolves carried off the sheep.

« аӏ